High-Purity Lead Ingots - Essential Raw Material for Battery Production
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Category： Lead ingot
High-Purity Lead Ingots - Essential Raw Material for Battery Production
Chemical Composition
Lead ingot primarily consists of elemental lead (Pb) with a purity typically exceeding 99.97% in commercial grades, while specialized electronic grades can reach 99.995% purity. Its chemical composition strictly controls trace impurities: antimony content is usually limited to 0.002-0.08%, tin within 0.001-0.01%, copper below 0.005%, and zinc under 0.002%. For example, ASTM B29-18 specifies that commercial lead ingots must have antimony ≤0.08%, arsenic ≤0.005%, and iron ≤0.005%, with total impurities not exceeding 0.03%. This precise control ensures the ingot maintains its corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
Mechanical Properties
Lead ingot exhibits quantified mechanical characteristics critical for engineering applications. Its tensile strength measures 14-18 MPa (ASTM E8), with a yield strength of 12-15 MPa and an elongation at break of 40-60% (ISO 6892). The Vickers hardness (HV) is typically 4-6, reflecting its softness that allows forming with 10-15 N/mm² compressive force. Its melting point is accurately 327.46°C (at 1 atm), and thermal conductivity stands at 35.3 W/(m·K) at 20°C. The density of 11.342 g/cm³ (20°C) makes it 1.8 times denser than steel, while its coefficient of thermal expansion is 29.3×10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C), crucial for thermal stress calculations in radiation shielding designs.
Applications
Lead ingots demonstrate data-driven utility across industries:
- Battery Manufacturing: A standard 12V car battery contains 10-15 kg of lead ingot, with lead-acid batteries accounting for 80% of energy storage in automotive starters (Global Market Insights 2024).
- Construction: Lead roofing sheets, typically 0.7-3 mm thick, conform to BS EN 12588:2014, with a service life exceeding 100 years in corrosion-resistant applications.
- Radiation Protection: Medical lead aprons use 0.25-0.5 mm lead sheets, blocking 90% of 100 kVp X-rays, while nuclear facilities employ 5-10 cm lead bricks with 99% gamma ray attenuation (NCRP Report 147).
- Weights & Balances: Fishing sinkers made from lead ingots range from 5 g to 500 g, while vehicle wheel balancing weights average 20-100 g per unit (SAE J2538 standard).
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FAQ
Can you customize special specifications of lead rods?
Requirements such as diameter, length, purity, surface treatment, etc. need to be provided, and some need to pay for molds or meet the minimum order quantity.
Can the dimensions of the lead plate be customized?
Sure, the size specifications of lead plates can usually be customized according to the specific needs of customers. Both length, width, and thickness can be produced according to requirements to meet the installation and usage requirements of different projects.
What are the common thicknesses of lead plates?
Common lead plate thicknesses include 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, etc. Of course, lead plates of other special thicknesses can also be customized according to different application needs.
What is the density of lead sheet?
The density of lead is about 11.34 g/cm3, and the density of the lead plate is roughly in this range, which makes the lead plate have a good ability to shield rays.
What are the main components of lead sheet?
The main component of lead sheet is metal lead, which usually contains a small amount of other elements, such as antimony, tin, etc., to improve the performance of lead sheet.
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